量子信息速递 · 11 月 5 日

序言

本刊按 APS、Nature、Science、Optica 四大系列的目标期刊以及 PNAS 检索量子信息与量子技术领域的新发表工作，经学科筛选后按期刊汇总。每一条给出中英文标题、作者、卷页与中文摘要，点击 DOI 可直达原文。中文标题、导读与摘要译文均由模型生成，速度优先、难免有疏漏，欢迎指出。

NatureNature1 篇

Nature 正刊中的量子信息与量子技术论文

No. 01

预热化动力学相变与共振熔化的观测Observation of prethermal dynamical phase transitions and resonant melting

★ 封面文章

利用可编程中性原子量子模拟器，在多达180个量子比特的自旋模型中研究淬火动力学，观测到预热化动力学相变以及共振熔化现象。

利用可编程的中性原子量子模拟器，探索了多达180个量子比特的自旋模型中的淬火动力学，揭示了预热化动力学相变与共振熔化。

Abstract (English)

The dynamics of isolated quantum systems following a sudden quench has a central role in many areas of material science, high-energy physics and quantum chemistry1–4. Such far-from-equilibrium quantum dynamics—which features complex phenomena with implications for thermalization, non-equilibrium phase transitions and Floquet phase engineering5–8—is challenging to study numerically, in particular, in high-dimensional systems9,10. Here we use a programmable neutral-atom quantum simulator11 to systematically explore quench dynamics in spin models with up to 180 qubits. By initializing the system in a product state and performing quenches across a broad parameter space, we discover several stable, qualitatively distinct dynamical regimes. We trace their robustness to Floquet-like prethermal steady states8 that are stabilized over exponentially long emergent timescales by strong dynamical constraints. We further observe sharp peaks in the dynamical response that are quantitatively explained by the structured melting of prethermalization through resonances. In two dimensions, we uncover a prethermally driven, first-order dynamical phase transition linked to the proliferation of Néel-order defects6,12, and probe it quantitatively using a generalized Clausius–Clapeyron test. Together, these results establish a programmable route to high-energy prethermal phase structure: long-lived dynamical phases, their resonant breakdown and a first-order dynamical phase transition that is not inherited from the equilibrium phase boundaries. A programmable neutral-atom quantum simulator is used to explore quench dynamics in spin models with up to 180 qubits, revealing prethermal dynamical phase transitions and resonant melting.

Siva Darbha, Alexey Khudorozhkov, Pedro L. S. Lopes, Fangli Liu, Ermal Rrapaj, Jan Balewski, Majd Hamdan, Pavel E. Dolgirev, Alexander Schuckert, Katherine Klymko, Sheng-Tao Wang, Mikhail D. Lukin, Daan Camps, Milan Kornjača
Nature (2026)
10.1038/s41586-026-11225-9

Nature CommunicationsNat. Commun.1 篇

Nature Communications 中的量子信息与量子技术论文

No. 02

直接产生通信波段自旋—光子纠缠的贝尔非定域性Bell nonlocality with directly generated telecom-band spin–photon entanglement

★ 封面文章量子纠缠

用铷原子 1530 nm 偶极跃迁加腔辅助，从单个原子直接发出 C 波段通信光子，得到保真度 91.4% 的自旋—光子纠缠，并以 2.455(77) > 2 的贝尔不等式违背验证了非定域性。

量子非定域性通常通过量子网络中的纠缠分发来体现，是量子信息科学的基石。要实现纠缠的长距离分发，信息载体（即飞行光子）必须工作在光纤损耗最低的通信波段。尽管已有大量工作致力于在 C 波段通信光子与各类静止自旋之间直接产生纠缠，量子非定域性的验证仍是一项突出的挑战。本文利用铷原子中波长为 1530 nm 的偶极跃迁并结合腔辅助方案，实现了单个原子对 C 波段通信光子的共振激发与直接发射，产生自旋—光子纠缠，测得的贝尔态保真度超过 91.4%。随后，我们利用这对高质量纠缠对，观测到 2.455(77) > 2 的贝尔不等式违背，从而验证了贝尔非定域性。这些结果将单原子量子发射体的波长拓展至通信 C 波段，获得了足够高保真度的自旋—光子纠缠，最终实现了贝尔非定域性的验证。

Abstract (English)

Quantum nonlocality, typically revealed through entanglement distribution across quantum networks, is a cornerstone of quantum information science. Long-distance distribution of entanglement requires the information carrier, i.e., flying photons, to operate in the minimum-loss telecom band of optical fiber. While extensive efforts have been devoted to the direct generation of entanglement between C-band telecom photons and various stationary spins, the verification of quantum nonlocality remains an outstanding challenge. Here, utilizing a dipole transition in rubidium atoms with a wavelength of 1530 nm and a cavity-assisted protocol, we achieve resonant excitation and direct emission of C-band telecom photons from a single atom, generating spin–photon entanglement with a measured Bell state fidelity exceeding 91.4%. We then verify Bell nonlocality by observing a Bell inequality violation of 2.455(77) > 2 using this high-quality entangled pair. These results extend the wavelength of a single-atom quantum emitter to the telecom C-band, achieving sufficiently high-fidelity spin–photon entanglement to finally verify Bell nonlocality. The authors demonstrate the direct generation of telecom C-band spin-photon entanglement from a single neutral atom, achieving >91.4% Bell-state fidelity and a CHSH violation of 2.455(77), thereby establishing Bell nonlocality in a fiber-compatible quantum networking platform

Dong-Yu Huang, Jian Wang, Xiao-Long Zhou, Ze-Min Shen, Si-Jian He, Qi-Yang Huang, Yi-Jia Liu, Yu-Shu Chen, Quan Jiang, Chuan-Feng Li, Guang-Can Guo
Nat. Commun. (2026)
10.1038/s41467-026-79099-z

Science AdvancesSci. Adv.1 篇

Science Advances 中的量子信息与量子技术论文

No. 03

磁性量子点点亮创伤性脑损伤坏死神经元以解码MRI细胞来源Lighting up necrotic neurons from traumatic brain injury with magnetic quantum dots to decode the cellular origin of MRI

报道了一种锰掺杂近红外量子点，将高灵敏光学成像与临床兼容的磁共振成像内在融合，并借助全脑透明化三维成像与体外细胞实验，揭示MRI增强信号源于小胶质细胞向坏死神经元区域的趋向迁移。

创伤性脑损伤（TBI）的诊断仍严重受限于传统成像技术在可视化决定疾病进展与结局的病理事件方面的不足。为应对这一临床挑战，我们报道了一种锰掺杂近红外量子点（QD），将高灵敏光学成像与临床兼容的磁共振成像（MRI）内在地结合起来。借助全脑透明化与细胞分辨率三维（3D）全景成像所支持的光学成像，结合对TBI涉及的不同类型细胞的系统性体外细胞研究，我们通过磁性量子点的高灵敏荧光揭示了TBI成像所反映的可解释病理过程，即：经全身给药后，纳米探针经受损的血脑屏障外渗，随后被活化的小胶质细胞选择性吞噬，这些细胞继而迁移至富含死亡神经元和神经元碎片的区域。这种小胶质细胞介导的趋向性解码了纳米尺度造影剂增强MRI的信号来源，从而将MRI从解剖学工具转变为病理学报告工具。我们还将尺寸相近的生物相容性Fe 3 O 4 纳米颗粒与上述磁性量子点进行比较，以验证纳米颗粒在TBI的MRI诊断中的转化优势。

Abstract (English)

The diagnosis of traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains heavily constrained by the limitations of conventional imaging techniques in visualizing the pathological events that determine the disease progression and outcome. To address this clinical challenge, we report a manganese-doped near-infrared quantum dot (QD) to intrinsically integrate the highly sensitive optical imaging with clinical compatible magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Taking the advantages of optical imaging powered by whole-brain clearing and cellular resolution three-dimensional (3D) panoptic imaging, in combination with the systematic in vitro cell studies on different types of cells involved in TBI, we disclosed the interpretable pathology reflected by TBI imaging through the highly sensitive fluorescence of magnetic QDs, i.e., after systemic administration, the nanoprobes were extravasated through the compromised blood-brain barrier and then selectively phagocytosed by activated microglia, which subsequently migrated into the regions rich in dead neurons and neuronal debris. This microglia-mediated tropism decodes the signal origin of MRI enhanced by the nanometer-sized contrast agent, thereby transforming the MRI from an anatomical tool into a pathological reporter. A biocompatible Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticle of similar size was also compared with the magnetic QD mentioned above for validating the translational merits of nanoparticles in MRI diagnosis of TBI.

Mingxia Jiao, Xin Zhao, Jingyun Wang, Wanru Tian, Yao Li, Xuan Cheng, Kun Zhang, Xiliang Luo, Peisen Zhang, Mingyuan Gao
Sci. Adv. 12, 45 (2026)
10.1126/sciadv.aej0686